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Encyclopedia MDPI is thrilled to announce significant enhancements to its Academic Video Service, which aim to improve its quality, accessibility, and functionality. Since its launch, our video service has enabled numerous scholars to present their research in a dynamic and visually engaging format, greatly enhancing its visibility and impact. Due to the overwhelmingly positive reception this service has received, we have reached a point where the number of orders we are receiving exceeds our current capacity. In order to maintain the quality of these videos and continue optimizing the service, we have made the decision to introduce a fee. However, to ensure that this service is still a cost-effective option, we have set our prices significantly below the market average. 1. Highlights of the Upgrades to the Service Although the service will now be fee-based, we are committed to providing even more professional and comprehensive support, including the following: One-on-one video production guidance Personalized assistance to ensure your needs are fully met. Scriptwriting and English editing Expertly crafted narratives and professional English editing to ensure your research is presented clearly, accurately, and with impact. High-quality animations Visually engaging animations are created to simplify complex research and captivate your audience. Whiteboard Animations: Clean and minimalist, using hand-drawn illustrations to explain ideas step-by-step. Motion Graphics (MG) Animations: Cartoon Style: Bright, colorful, and approachable, ideal for making technical or scientific content more accessible and engaging. Hand-Drawn Style: Unique and artistic, adding a personal touch to your research while maintaining clarity and professionalism. Customized infographics (optional) We can also create tailored infographics to visually summarize key data or findings, enhancing the clarity and appeal of your video. Native voiceover Native speakers provide voiceovers to enhance the accessibility and reach of your research. Multiple rounds of revision To ensure your video accurately represents your work. Social media promotion Expanding your research's visibility and impact. 2. Why Choose Us? The Proven Impact of Video Abstracts Research shows that a well-crafted video abstract can significantly enhance the visibility and impact of your work. It has been shown to do the following: Increase paper views by 120% (Source: 10.1007/ s11192-019-03108-w) Boost citations by 20% (Source: Wiley Online Library) Improve journal rankings by 33% (Source: Research Square) Raise Altmetrics scores by 140% (Source: Research Square) Our Expertise in Academic Research Backed by MDPI, our experienced production team combines deep academic knowledge with creative excellence. We understand the nuances of scholarly communication and ensure that every frame accurately conveys the value of your research, meeting the highest standards of quality and precision. Collaborations with SCI Journals We have partnered with over 60 SCI journals to create exclusive video series, enhancing the dissemination and impact of published research. For example, our collaborations with Entropy, Remote Sensing, Nanomaterials , Animals , Nutrients, Foods , Sustainability, Cancers, etc., have helped authors achieve greater visibility and recognition for their work. Global visibility The videos are linked to your paper's DOI for maximum exposure. Available Video Services and Their Pricing Video Abstract (up to 5 minutes long): Summarizes the key findings, methodology, and significance of your research paper. Regular Price: 600 CHF Short Take (up to 2 minutes long): Uses original animations to explain the specific aspects of your research. Regular Price: 500 CHF Scholar Interview: A face-to-face discussion offering deeper insights into your publication. Regular Price: 400 CHF Scholar Profile: A brief overview of a scholar’s career, highlighting education, research focus, and key achievements. Regular Price: 500 CHF 3. Video Production Service If you want to see some examples of our videos, please visit https://encyclopedia.pub/video. If you would like to apply for the video service, please click https://encyclopedia.pub/video_service. 4. Others If you have any other questions, please contact office@encyclopedia.pub.
Announcement 14 Apr 2026
Modern diabetes management is moving from glucose-centred care to precision cardiometabolic risk stratification. Because patients who share the same HbA1c can carry very different cardiovascular, renal, hepatic and metabolic risks, treatment is increasingly guided by clinical phenotype rather than by glucose alone. Drawing on the evidence for GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors, this outcome-centred approach tailors therapy to each patient's dominant risk and targets the long-term outcomes that matter most beyond glycaemic control. 1. The Era of Glucose-Centred Diabetes Care Is Over For many years, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) represented the cornerstone of diabetes management. Achieving glycaemic targets was rightly considered the primary therapeutic goal, because lowering glucose reduces the risk of microvascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. The UK Prospective Diabetes Study established this microvascular benefit decades ago, yet its macrovascular signal emerged only slowly, a reminder that glucose lowering protects small vessels far more readily than it protects the heart. Glucose control alone never fully explained why some patients deteriorated despite excellent HbA1c values, while others remained stable. Cardiovascular outcome trials and contemporary guidelines have since transformed our understanding of the disease. Today, type 2 diabetes is recognised as a complex cardiometabolic disorder in which cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and heart failure frequently coexist and strongly influence prognosis [1–3]. 2. Every Patient Has a Different Cardiometabolic Profile Two patients may present with an identical HbA1c value while requiring completely different therapeutic strategies. A younger individual living with obesity and MASLD has different priorities from an older patient with chronic kidney disease and a previous myocardial infarction. For this reason, treatment decisions increasingly rely on comprehensive clinical phenotyping rather than on isolated laboratory parameters. Cardiovascular risk, renal function, albuminuria, heart failure, body weight, liver involvement, frailty and life expectancy should all contribute to therapeutic selection. Modern guidelines reflect this by suggesting that the first therapeutic question is no longer simply how high the glucose is, but which organs are most at risk. The same diagnosis, in other words, can describe profoundly different patients, and each profile points towards a different first choice of therapy [1,2]. 3. Precision Medicine Has Already Entered Routine Care Precision medicine is often associated with genomics or advanced molecular profiling. In type 2 diabetes, however, it is already part of everyday practice. The landmark cardiovascular outcome trials made this concrete. In EMPA-REG OUTCOME, the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin reduced cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalisation in patients with established cardiovascular disease [4]. In LEADER and SUSTAIN-6, the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists liraglutide and semaglutide reduced major cardiovascular events in high-risk patients [5,6]. Importantly, these were not merely glucose-lowering effects: the benefits appeared too early and too consistently to be explained by HbA1c reduction alone, pointing instead to direct cardiac and renal actions. Selecting a GLP-1 receptor agonist when obesity and atherosclerotic risk predominate, or an SGLT2 inhibitor when heart failure or chronic kidney disease is present, is precision medicine in action. The objective is simple: the right treatment, for the right patient, at the right time. This shift from glucose-centred to outcome-centred medicine is summarised in Figure 1 [1–6]. Figure 1. From traditional glucose-centred diabetes care to precision cardiometabolic medicine. ASCVD: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; HF: heart failure; MASLD: metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. 4. Residual Cardiometabolic Risk: What HbA1c Does Not Capture Even when glycaemic targets are met, a substantial burden of risk often remains. This residual cardiometabolic risk is driven by factors that HbA1c simply does not measure: persistent albuminuria, visceral adiposity, atherogenic dyslipidaemia, subclinical heart failure and ongoing kidney decline. Recognising it has reframed the therapeutic goal from normalising a single number to protecting the organs most likely to fail. The DAPA-HF trial, for example, showed that dapagliflozin reduced worsening heart failure and cardiovascular death even in patients without diabetes [7], while FLOW demonstrated that semaglutide slowed kidney disease progression in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease [8]. The benefit, in these settings, is no longer about glucose at all. 5. The Next Frontier: Integrated Cardiometabolic Risk Future diabetes care will depend on integrating multiple clinical domains into a single decision-making framework. Digital health technologies, artificial intelligence, continuous glucose monitoring and electronic health records may help clinicians identify high-risk phenotypes and select personalised strategies, flagging, for instance, the patient whose declining estimated glomerular filtration rate and rising albuminuria warrant earlier organ protection. Used well, such systems could shorten the gap between a worsening trajectory and the moment a protective therapy is actually started. These tools are not intended to replace clinical judgement, but to enhance it through more efficient interpretation of increasingly complex information. The challenge will be to transform data into decisions that are clinically meaningful, feasible and centred on the individual patient [8–10]. 6. Looking Beyond HbA1c The success of modern diabetes care should no longer be measured exclusively by lower HbA1c values. Preserving kidney function, reducing cardiovascular events, preventing heart failure, improving metabolic health and addressing obesity have become equally important therapeutic objectives. The evidence now extends beyond diabetes itself: in SELECT, semaglutide reduced cardiovascular events in people with obesity but without diabetes, underlining how far the field has moved from a purely glucose-centred view [9]. Precision medicine is therefore not a distant aspiration, but the natural evolution of evidence-based diabetes care. As therapies continue to expand and risk assessment becomes more sophisticated, clinicians will be increasingly able to deliver personalised cardiometabolic care focused on the outcomes that matter most to patients. References American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025. Diabetes Care. 2025, 48, S1–S350. Davies, M.J.; Aroda, V.R.; Collins, B.S.; Gabbay, R.A.; Green, J.; Maruthur, N.M.; Rosas, S.E.; Del Prato, S.; et al. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A consensus report by the ADA and EASD. Diabetologia. 2022, 65, 1925–1966. Marx, N.; Federici, M.; Schütt, K.; Müller-Wieland, D.; Ajjan, R.A.; Antunes, M.J.; Christodorescu, R.M.; Crawford, C.; et al. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. Eur. Heart J. 2023, 44, 4043–4140. Zinman, B.; Wanner, C.; Lachin, J.M.; Fitchett, D.; Bluhmki, E.; Hantel, S.; Mattheus, M.; Devins, T.; et al. Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 2015, 373, 2117–2128. Marso, S.P.; Daniels, G.H.; Brown-Frandsen, K.; Kristensen, P.; Mann, J.F.E.; Nauck, M.A.; Nissen, S.E.; Pocock, S.; et al. Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 2016, 375, 311–322. Marso, S.P.; Bain, S.C.; Consoli, A.; Eliaschewitz, F.G.; Jodár, E.; Leiter, L.A.; Lingvay, I.; Rosenstock, J.; et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 2016, 375, 1834–1844. McMurray, J.J.V.; Solomon, S.D.; Inzucchi, S.E.; Køber, L.; Kosiborod, M.N.; Martinez, F.A.; Ponikowski, P.; Sabatine, M.S.; et al. Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N. Engl. J. Med. 2019, 381, 1995–2008. Perkovic, V.; Tuttle, K.R.; Rossing, P.; Mahaffey, K.W.; Mann, J.F.E.; Bakris, G.; Baeres, F.M.M.; Idorn, T.; et al. Effects of semaglutide on chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 2024, 391, 109–121. Lincoff, A.M.; Brown-Frandsen, K.; Colhoun, H.M.; Deanfield, J.; Emerson, S.S.; Esbjerg, S.; Hardt-Lindberg, S.; Hovingh, G.K.; et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in obesity without diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 2023, 389, 2221–2232. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Diabetes Work Group. KDIGO 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes Management in Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int. 2022, 102, S1–S127. Biography Antonio Maria Labate, MD, is a specialist in Internal Medicine working as an outpatient diabetology and internal medicine specialist at ASST Franciacorta and ASST Mantova, in Lombardy, Italy. He trained in Internal Medicine at the University of Messina and has broad clinical experience spanning internal medicine, emergency medicine and diabetology. His work focuses on clinical diabetology, cardiovascular and cardiometabolic risk in type 2 diabetes, real-world evidence, and the clinical use of newer glucose-lowering therapies such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors. He has authored peer-reviewed articles and congress communications on the cardiovascular, renal and metabolic effects of these agents, and serves as a reviewer for several international journals.
Blog 08 Jul 2026
Aortic valve replacement remains one of the most commonly performed procedures in cardiac surgery for treating severe aortic valve disease. While conventional surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) continues to provide excellent long-term outcomes, advances in both surgical techniques and transcatheter therapies have expanded the range of treatment options available to patients. Among these developments, sutureless aortic valve replacement (SuAVR) was introduced to simplify valve implantation by reducing the need for multiple sutures, with the goal of shortening operative time and facilitating minimally invasive surgery. More than a decade after its introduction, clinical experience with sutureless valves has grown substantially. At the same time, rapid progress in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and continued refinements in conventional surgery have reshaped the treatment landscape. A recent study published in the Journal of Clinical Medicine, titled "Exploring Use-Rates of and Scientific Evidence on Sutureless Devices in Aortic Valve Replacement: A Bibliographic Meta-Analysis and Clinical Considerations", reviews the current evidence surrounding SuAVR, examines how its use has evolved across different regions, and discusses where the technique may fit within contemporary cardiac surgery. Figure 1. Use and Evidence of Sutureless Aortic Valves. Produced by MDPI Academic Video Service (Source: https://encyclopedia.pub/video/1831). 1. Why Sutureless Valves Were Developed Conventional surgical valve replacement requires the prosthetic valve to be secured with multiple sutures, a process that contributes to aortic cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times. Because longer operative times are associated with increased surgical risk, particularly in elderly patients and those with multiple comorbidities, techniques that simplify valve implantation have attracted considerable interest. Sutureless valves were developed to address this challenge. By reducing the number of sutures required during implantation, they may simplify the procedure while maintaining the principles of surgical valve replacement. The technology also complements minimally invasive surgical approaches, where the limited operative field can make conventional suturing more technically demanding. For these reasons, SuAVR attracted considerable attention as a potential way to improve procedural efficiency while preserving the established benefits of surgical valve replacement. 2. What the Current Evidence Suggests Over the past decade, a substantial body of clinical evidence has accumulated on sutureless valve implantation. To better understand how this evidence has evolved, the authors systematically reviewed 538 published studies on SuAVR. The analysis showed that most of the available evidence comes from observational studies, while randomized controlled trials account for only 1.3% of the published literature. Although SuAVR has been investigated extensively, the limited availability of randomized evidence means that important clinical questions remain incompletely answered. Across the published literature, one of the most consistent findings is that SuAVR is associated with shorter aortic cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times than conventional SAVR. These procedural advantages may be particularly relevant in patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery or in those for whom reducing operative time is desirable. At the same time, the paper notes that concerns remain regarding long-term valve durability, pacemaker implantation, and procedural costs. These issues continue to influence how the technology is evaluated and adopted in clinical practice. 3. Clinical Use Has Continued to Evolve Although research on SuAVR has expanded considerably, its global clinical adoption remains relatively limited. The paper found that approximately 80% of the published literature originated from Europe, whereas North America contributed fewer than 10% of publications, highlighting a marked geographical imbalance in both research activity and clinical use. The authors suggest that this pattern may reflect a combination of factors, including earlier regulatory approval in Europe, differences in reimbursement policies, and variation in patient populations. At the same time, the rapid expansion of TAVR has transformed the treatment of aortic valve disease, while conventional SAVR has continued to evolve through refinements in surgical techniques and prosthetic valve technology. Against this background, SuAVR has assumed a more selective role rather than becoming a universal alternative. The authors suggest that SuAVR may offer its greatest clinical value by facilitating minimally invasive surgical aortic valve replacement, an approach that remains underutilized in many parts of the world despite its potential benefits in appropriately selected patients. 4. Finding a Place Alongside SAVR and TAVR As treatment options for aortic valve disease continue to expand, selecting the most appropriate intervention increasingly depends on individual patient characteristics, anatomical considerations, surgical risk, and procedural goals. Rather than replacing existing approaches, SuAVR has become one of several treatment options available to cardiac surgeons. Its potential advantages are most relevant in selected clinical settings, highlighting the importance of individualized decision-making when planning valve replacement. 5. What Comes Next for SuAVR? The study emphasizes that additional high-quality comparative trials are needed to strengthen the evidence base for SuAVR. More standardized clinical guidance will also be important for better defining the role of this technology within modern valve therapy. Meanwhile, advances in conventional surgery, transcatheter interventions, and prosthetic valve technology will continue to shape the management of aortic valve disease. As these treatment options evolve, careful patient selection will remain central to choosing the most appropriate therapeutic approach. 6. Putting the Evidence into Perspective Sutureless aortic valve replacement was developed to simplify surgical valve implantation and support less invasive cardiac surgery. More than a decade of clinical experience has shown that the technique can shorten operative times and may offer practical advantages in selected patients, particularly when minimally invasive surgery or reduced procedural duration is desired. Current evidence suggests that SuAVR occupies a focused rather than universal role in contemporary valve therapy. As additional comparative evidence becomes available and clinical guidance continues to evolve, a clearer understanding of where SuAVR fits within modern aortic valve treatment will help support informed surgical decision-making.
Blog 01 Jul 2026
The Encyclopedia platform, together with the journals Biology and Nutrients, launches the Best Video Abstract Awards to increase the visibility and reach of published research and to inspire researchers to explore the power of visual storytelling. Video abstracts have become an increasingly important medium for scientific communication. By integrating narration, visualizations, animations, and experimental footage, they make complex research more accessible, engaging, and memorable. This initiative recognizes video abstracts that are not only scientifically rigorous but also creatively compelling and educational, thereby promoting broader dissemination and deeper community engagement. To learn more about the awards or to participate directly, please visit the event page via the links provided below. https://encyclopedia.pub/best-video-abstract-award 1. Event Duration 9 February 2026 – 2 February 2027 2. Awards Biology Best Video Abstract AwardOpen to video abstracts based on papers published in Biology between 1 January 2024 and 31 December 2025. This award will be granted to two video abstracts based on the evaluation of the Award Evaluation Committee. Nutrients Best Video Abstract AwardOpen to video abstracts based on papers published in Nutrients between 1 January 2024 and 31 December 2025. This award will be granted to two video abstracts based on the evaluation of the Award Evaluation Committee. Prize For each journal award, the winner will receive: CHF 500 A voucher waiving the Article Processing Charges (APCs) for one journal submission (subject to peer review, valid for one year) A free Academic Video Service production (no matter where the paper is published), valid for one year. An electronic certificate Participant Incentive All participants will receive a CHF 100 discount voucher for the Encyclopedia Academic Video Service. 3. Participation The event will be conducted in three stages. Submission Stage 9 February 2026 – 31 August 2026 Independent Submission Authors may create and submit video abstracts independently using their own tools and creative approach. Professional Support Option Authors who do not currently have a video abstract but intend to apply for the award may opt for the Academic Video Service, which offers a one-stop, end-to-end solution covering script development, animation, voiceover recording, and editing. Please submit your video abstract here: https://encyclopedia.pub/user/video_add?activity=b57ab0910b456a5e4eebd960867ce205 Or place your video service order here: https://encyclopedia.pub/user/video_service_order All video abstracts will be assessed by the editorial team for editorial suitability and overall quality. Submissions that meet the guidelines will be assessed equally. Voting Stage 1 November 2026 – 31 December 2026 Public voting will be conducted during this period. Voting results and video performance metrics, including views, likes, shares, and collections, will contribute to the final evaluation. Winner Announcement 2 February 2027 Final winners will be determined based on a combined assessment of public voting results and a comprehensive evaluation by the Award Evaluation Committee, which carries the primary weight in the final decision. Winners will be announced on the Encyclopedia platform and journal websites. 4. Others If you have any other questions, please contact office@encyclopedia.pub
Announcement 09 Feb 2026
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Encyclopedia 2026, 6(7), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia6070140

Cross-border cooperation (CBC) is defined as the structured, institutionalized, or informal collaboration between adjacent regional and local authorities, economic actors, and civil society groups across international state borders. Within contemporary border studies, CBC has transitioned from traditional top-down, state-centric diplomatic containment toward bottom-up, grassroots territorial integration. This entry synthesizes the multidisciplinary evolution of CBC across geography, economics, jurisprudence, sociology, and political science, structuring the analysis around four core dimensions: spatial, political, economic, and socio-cultural. It categorizes diverse territorial and governance mechanisms of cooperation, ranging from localized town twinnings to formalized Euroregions and European Groupings of Territorial Cooperation (EGTCs), and introduces quantitative performance metrics such as the Cross-Border Activity Index (CBAI). Examining how these structures operate along both the internal and external borders of the European Union, this entry analyzes the cyclical, non-linear dynamics of the bordering–debordering–rebordering framework. By evaluating diverse theoretical models across varying geopolitical contexts, it identifies the universal characteristics of contemporary border dynamics, conceptualizing borders not merely as physical or political demarcations, but as analytical lenses reflecting broader processes of globalization, regionalization, and territorial resilience.

Peer Reviewed
Encyclopedia 2026, 6(7), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia6070143

Digital transformation and artificial intelligence are reshaping nursing education by changing how students access information, complete academic tasks, and engage with technology-mediated learning. However, evidence on digital competencies, AI-related constructs, mediating mechanisms, and academic performance remains fragmented and methodologically uneven. This systematic review of empirical studies synthesized how digital competencies and AI-related constructs are associated with academic performance and learning-related outcomes in nursing education. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines adapted to social science research, searches were conducted in Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection in March 2026, covering 2022–2026. Twenty-five empirical studies were included: 18 quantitative, 4 qualitative, and 3 mixed-methods studies. The evidence was concentrated in the Middle East and North Africa, Asia, and Europe. Findings suggest that digital competencies are associated with academic and learning-related outcomes mainly through self-efficacy, academic motivation, cognitive presence, and learning flow. AI-related evidence remains emerging, mixed, and context-dependent. Although some AI-assisted interventions reported favorable outcomes, one experimental study found greater knowledge gains with traditional text-based study than with ChatGPT-assisted learning. Therefore, AI integration should not be considered universally beneficial, but contingent on pedagogical design, task type, teacher guidance, AI literacy, responsible use, and critical verification.

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