Encyclopedia MDPI is thrilled to announce significant enhancements to its Academic Video Service, which aim to improve its quality, accessibility, and functionality. Since its launch, our video service has enabled numerous scholars to present their research in a dynamic and visually engaging format, greatly enhancing its visibility and impact. Due to the overwhelmingly positive reception this service has received, we have reached a point where the number of orders we are receiving exceeds our current capacity. In order to maintain the quality of these videos and continue optimizing the service, we have made the decision to introduce a fee. However, to ensure that this service is still a cost-effective option, we have set our prices significantly below the market average. Highlights of the Upgrades to the Service Although the service will now be fee-based, we are committed to providing even more professional and comprehensive support, including the following: One-on-one video production guidance Personalized assistance to ensure your needs are fully met. Scriptwriting and English editing Expertly crafted narratives and professional English editing to ensure your research is presented clearly, accurately, and with impact. High-quality animations Visually engaging animations are created to simplify complex research and captivate your audience. Whiteboard Animations: Clean and minimalist, using hand-drawn illustrations to explain ideas step-by-step. Motion Graphics (MG) Animations: Cartoon Style: Bright, colorful, and approachable, ideal for making technical or scientific content more accessible and engaging. Hand-Drawn Style: Unique and artistic, adding a personal touch to your research while maintaining clarity and professionalism. Customized infographics (optional) We can also create tailored infographics to visually summarize key data or findings, enhancing the clarity and appeal of your video. Native voiceover Native speakers provide voiceovers to enhance the accessibility and reach of your research. Multiple rounds of revision To ensure your video accurately represents your work. Social media promotion Expanding your research's visibility and impact. Why Choose Us? The Proven Impact of Video Abstracts Research shows that a well-crafted video abstract can significantly enhance the visibility and impact of your work. It has been shown to do the following: Increase paper views by 120% （Source: 10.1007/ s11192-019-03108-w） Boost citations by 20% （Source: Wiley Online Library） Improve journal rankings by 33% （Source: Research Square） Raise Altmetrics scores by 140% （Source: Research Square） Our Expertise in Academic Research Backed by MDPI, our experienced production team combines deep academic knowledge with creative excellence. We understand the nuances of scholarly communication and ensure that every frame accurately conveys the value of your research, meeting the highest standards of quality and precision. Collaborations with SCI Journals We have partnered with many SCI journals to create exclusive video series, enhancing the dissemination and impact of published research. For example, our collaborations with Entropy, Remote Sensing, Nanomaterials , Animals , Nutrients, Foods , Sustainability, Encyclopedia, Cancers, etc., have helped authors achieve greater visibility and recognition for their work. Global visibility The videos are linked to your paper's DOI for maximum exposure. Available Video Services and Their Pricing Video Abstract (up to 5 minutes long): Summarizes the key findings, methodology, and significance of your research paper. Regular price: CHF 600 Discounted Price: CHF 400 Short Take (up to 2 minutes long): Uses original animations to explain the specific aspects of your research. Regular price: CHF 500 Discounted Price: CHF 300 Scholar Interview: A face-to-face discussion offering deeper insights into your publication. Regular price: CHF 400 Discounted Price: CHF 200 Special Offer To express our gratitude for your support, we are pleased to offer a buy one get one free promotion. This offer is valid for two weeks, and the complimentary service provided can be utilized within one year. Video Production Service If you want to see some examples of our videos, please visit https://encyclopedia.pub/video. If you would like to apply for the video service, please click https://encyclopedia.pub/video_service. Others If you have any other questions, please contact office@encyclopedia.pub.

Encyclopedia Academic Video Service now offers specialized video production services designed for scholars, allowing them to present their research and insights in a dynamic and impactful manner. Research indicates that a well-crafted video abstract can boost an academic paper's views by 120%, citations by 20%, ranking by 33%, and Altmetrics score by 80%. Additionally, all videos on Encyclopedia will be linked to the original paper's DOI, further increasing your research's visibility.   Video Abstract Video Abstract is a short video that summarizes the key points of a research paper, typically within 5 minutes. A video abstract highlights the most critical information, making it easier for viewers to grasp the essence of the research quickly. Short Take A short take uses original animations to vividly showcase a key aspect of the article, such as explaining principles or detailing experimental processes, within a 1 minute timeframe. Short Takes are an effective way to communicate important information efficiently in today's fast-paced digital environment. Video Production Service If you want to see our video examples, please visit: https://encyclopedia.pub/video. If you would like to apply for video service, please click on https://encyclopedia.pub/video_material. Others If you have any other questions, please contact office@encyclopedia.pub.

Dear Colleagues, We are pleased to announce that the “Encyclopedia 2024 Outstanding Contributor Award” is open for applications now. We will award two outstanding contributors for the Encyclopedia platform (https://encyclopedia.pub/) and Encyclopedia journal in 2024. All contributors will be selected after a thorough evaluation by the journal award committee, led by the Editor-in-Chief, Prof. Dr. Raffaele Barretta, and the winners will be announced in March 2025. Eligibility for the Award:To be eligible, applicants must meet at least one of the following criteria:– The applicants must have published at least one qualified entry/video/image on the Encyclopedia platform in 2024;– The applicants must have published at least one paper in the Encyclopedia journal in 2024. Selection Criteria:The award committee will evaluate applications based on a comprehensive consideration of the following criteria:– The quantity and quality of entries/videos/images and papers contributed;– Scientific merit and broad impact;– View, citation, and download rates in 2024. Document for Application:Curriculum vitae (please contact our office if you need a template of the form). The Prize:– CHF 300 (Swiss francs) for each winner;– An opportunity to publish one paper free of charge in the Encyclopedia journal before 31 December 2025 following peer review for each winner;– An electronic certificate for each winner. Application Deadline:15 January 2025. Please send your curriculum vitae to our office before the deadline (encyclopedia@mdpi.com). The winners will be announced on the journal website in March 2025. Kind regards,Encyclopedia Editorial Office

Encyclopedia launched the Academic Video Service in April, utilizing advanced technology to transform scholarly articles into engaging academic videos, enhancing the presentation of scientific research. These videos use simple and captivating animations to communicate academic findings to a broader audience.Since its inception, the Academic Video Service has seen enthusiastic participation from scholars and partnerships with various journals like Cancers, Animals, Entropy, Remote Sensing, Nanomaterials and so on. In 2024, we collaborated with over 70 scholars to produce more than 100 video abstracts. We have received positive feedback from scholars and seek further suggestions on video quality. To enhance video quality, we've selected the most acclaimed videos of 2024 and invite Encyclopedia users to vote for the best one and share their valuable feedback. We greatly appreciate your active participation and support! Vote for the best video abstract: https://forms.gle/NaRvHTq8KLb7b4249 To apply for video service: https://encyclopedia.pub/video_material

Every September, in the hallowed halls of Harvard University, something delightfully strange happens. Scientists, Nobel laureates, and an enthusiastic audience gather—not to celebrate the pinnacle of scientific gravity, but to honor research that is wonderfully weird, absurdly funny, and surprisingly insightful. The motto of Ig Nobel Prizeis simple: “To honor achievements that first make people laugh, and then make them think.” What Is the Ig Nobel Prize? The Ig Nobel Prize (yes, a pun on “ignoble” and “Nobel”) is an annual award ceremony that recognizes real scientific studies that sound ridiculous at first glance—but often uncover something important, brilliant, or just profoundly human. Think of it as science with a wink and a nudge. https://encyclopedia.pub/video_series/4 Created in 1991 by Marc Abrahams, editor of the Annals of Improbable Research, the prize has grown into a cult favorite among both scientists and science lovers. And while it might sound like a spoof, make no mistake: the research is real, peer-reviewed, and often backed by top universities and institutions. A Ceremony Like No Other Held at Harvard University, the Ig Nobel ceremony is pure chaotic fun. Nobel laureates hand out the awards. Winners are limited to 60-second speeches (with a child chanting “Please stop, I’m bored” if they go over). There’s even a mini opera every year, with themes like “The Energy Opera” and “The Brain Food Opera.” After the confetti settles, winners give "Ig Informal Lectures"—short, serious talks explaining their quirky research to the public. Laugh, Then Think At first glance, the Ig Nobel Prize might look like a joke. But behind the laughter lies a deeper truth: science is about curiosity. Asking oddball questions can lead to surprising discoveries. Why do wombats poop cubes? Why do people avoid people who walk like zombies? Why do mathematicians study the optimal way to dunk an Oreo? In celebrating the absurd, the Ig Nobels also remind us: science is everywhere, and no question is too small—or too silly—to matter. Who Wins? Real Scientists Contrary to what some may think, Ig Nobel laureates are often highly respected professionals—professors, doctors, engineers, and even NASA researchers. They’re not being mocked; they’re being honored for their creativity, courage, and willingness to explore the unexpected. In fact, many scientists proudly display their Ig Nobel Prizes alongside more “serious” accolades. In a world where science can seem distant or intimidating, the Ig Nobel Prize brings it down to earth—with a hearty laugh and a nod to the wonders of curiosity. For more information about this topic, you can view our Ig Nobel Prize series videos.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common but complex functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting around 10% of the population. Characterized by recurrent abdominal pain, bloating, and irregular bowel habits, IBS significantly impairs patients’ quality of life and imposes a notable burden on healthcare systems. While its etiology remains multifactorial and not fully understood, disturbances in gut microbiota have emerged as a key contributing factor. Probiotic and synbiotic interventions—the latter combining beneficial bacteria with prebiotics to enhance microbial growth—have gained traction in IBS research. Among these, balanced multi-strain synbiotics, which avoid dominance by any single bacterial strain, have shown particular promise. A recent clinical investigation, the ViIBS trial, evaluated such a synbiotic in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled format across multiple primary care centers in Poland. The 12-week treatment demonstrated significant improvement in symptom severity (IBS-SSS), global symptom perception (IBS-GIS), and patient-reported adequate relief (IBS-AR) compared to placebo. Six months post-intervention, a cross-sectional follow-up assessed long-term patient behavior and symptom patterns. Key objectives included: Determining patient willingness to return for follow-up; Evaluating continued synbiotic use; Re-assessing symptom severity and diagnosis status using standardized tools. Despite inherent limitations in observational designs—including recall bias and lack of causality—this follow-up provided valuable insight. It highlighted patient interest in non-pharmacological IBS management and informed the feasibility of longer-term probiotic studies. The ViIBS findings support the potential of balanced multi-strain synbiotics as a viable adjunctive treatment for IBS. Continued research is needed, particularly around accessibility and sustained efficacy in real-world settings. For more information about this topic, you can view the online video entitled "IBS Patients 6 Months Post-ViIBS".

The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the demand for antiviral technologies such as photocatalytic coatings and air purifiers, which are capable of inactivating SARS-CoV-2. While these materials are effective due to their strong oxidizing properties, evaluating their antiviral performance is typically time-consuming and resource-intensive—particularly when testing multiple materials or conditions. To streamline this process, a recent study proposes using the acetaldehyde decomposition test—a standard method for assessing air purification efficiency—as a screening tool for antiviral activity. This method measures the rate at which a photocatalyst breaks down acetaldehyde in air. The concentration decrease over time follows an exponential pattern, similar to the reduction in viral infectivity during antiviral testing. The key metric is the slope of the regression line derived from acetaldehyde concentration data. When this method was applied alongside traditional antiviral tests, a correlation was observed between the two sets of results. This indicates that acetaldehyde decomposition can serve as a proxy for antiviral performance in preliminary evaluations. This approach allows researchers to quickly screen multiple samples and conditions, identifying promising materials for further antiviral testing. It supports a more efficient “selection and concentration” strategy during product development. Although the WHO ended the COVID-19 public health emergency in May 2023, cases and fatalities continue to be reported. In the context of ongoing infection control needs, efficient testing methods remain essential for advancing antiviral technologies. For more information about this topic, you can view our online entry entitled "Estimating Anti-Viral Performance of Photocatalytic Materials" Or you can view the original paper entitled "Estimating the Anti-Viral Performance of Photocatalytic Materials: The Correlation between Air Purification Efficiency and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Inactivation".

O. Henry, the master of the short story and the surprise ending, is best known for classics like "The Gift of the Magi" and "The Ransom of Red Chief."  Early Life: From North Carolina to Texas Born William Sydney Porter in Greensboro, North Carolina in 1862, O. Henry's journey to literary fame was anything but traditional. He left school at age 15, worked as a pharmacist, and eventually moved to Texas, where his misadventures — including a charge of embezzlement — would lead to time in prison. Why “O. Henry”? There’s no definitive origin for the name “O. Henry.” Some speculate it was inspired by a prison guard, others believe it came from a French chemist's name in a newspaper. Either way, it helped Porter keep his identity a mystery during his early publications. New York, New Stories After prison, Porter moved to New York City in 1902 — the perfect setting for the hundreds of short stories he would write. His sharp observations of urban life fueled classics like: “The Gift of the Magi” – A story of love and sacrifice. “The Last Leaf” – A painter’s leaf gives hope to the dying. “The Ransom of Red Chief” – Two criminals get more than they bargained for. What Made O. Henry Special? O. Henry wasn’t just another storyteller. His works had a signature style: Twist Endings – The last line almost always caught readers off guard.Ordinary Characters – From waiters to pickpockets, his subjects felt real.Big-Hearted Irony – Laugh-out-loud moments blended with sincere emotion.Urban Vibe – He captured early 1900s New York like few others. Personal Struggles Despite success in publishing, O. Henry’s personal life was filled with loss. After the death of his wife and several failed relationships, he battled alcoholism and ill health. He died in 1910 at the age of 47 — but not before leaving behind more than 600 stories. His Legacy Lives On In 1919, the O. Henry Award was established to recognize excellence in short fiction — a testament to his enduring impact. Today, his stories are studied in classrooms, adapted into films, and read by lovers of literature around the world. For more information about O. Henry, you can view the online video entitled "From Prison to Pen: The Resilient Life of O. Henry".

Sloths are tree-dwelling mammals known for their remarkably slow movements and peaceful lifestyles. Native to the tropical forests of Central and South America, sloths have adapted perfectly to life in the canopy. Their sluggish pace, once misunderstood as laziness, is actually a sophisticated energy-saving strategy essential to survival. Why Are Sloths So Slow? Sloths have an extremely low metabolic rate, which means they digest food very slowly and conserve energy by moving as little as possible. Their slow lifestyle helps them avoid detection by predators like eagles and jaguars. In fact, some sloths only come down from their trees about once a week to go to the bathroom! Sloths infographic, created by Encyclopedia Editorial Team. (https://encyclopedia.pub/image/3507) Two Types of Sloths There are two main types of sloths: Two-toed sloths – Slightly faster and more active at night. Three-toed sloths – The slower of the two, with a signature smile. Fun Facts About Sloths ? They move so slowly that algae grows on their fur, giving them a greenish tint that acts as camouflage. ? Sloths sleep up to 15–20 hours a day! ? Their diet consists mostly of leaves, which provide little energy, contributing to their sluggishness. ? Despite their slow movements, sloths are surprisingly strong swimmers! Conservation Status Many sloth species are threatened by habitat loss due to deforestation. Organizations are working to protect these adorable animals and their rainforest homes. Conclusion Sloths are far more than charming, slow-motion wonders — they are survivors of an ancient lineage and vital members of rainforest ecosystems. Their future depends on our ability to protect their forest homes and respect their place in the natural world. For more information about Sloths, you can view our Sloths infographic.

We are thrilled to announce the Encyclopedia 2024 Outstanding Contributor Award winners. The award has been granted to the following researchers: Name: Dr. Michele Filippo FontefrancescoAffiliations: 1 Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, Italy; 2 Durham University, UK Name: Dr. Ioannis PassasAffiliation: Hellenic Mediterranean University, Greece As awardees, they will each receive CHF 300 (Swiss francs), a certificate, and an opportunity to publish one paper free of charge in the Encyclopedia journal before 31 December 2025, following peer review. Testimonials from the winners: Dr. Michele Filippo Fontefrancesco: “I am honored to receive the Outstanding Contribution Award from Encyclopedia. This recognition holds special significance for me, both personally and professionally, as it expresses the recognition of the contribution given to the growth of a young international journal.Publishing with Encyclopedia has offered me a unique opportunity to communicate complex anthropological and social science topics in accessible ways and reach audiences far beyond my normal space in academia. As a researcher committed to bridging knowledge and action, I deeply appreciate the journal’s commitment to high-quality, open access publishing and its support in shaping content that resonates with scholars, practitioners, and policymakers alike.In my experience, the professionalism of the Encyclopedia’s editorial team, from peer review to publication and video production, is outstanding. As an Editorial Board Member and contributor, I see Encyclopedia as a platform where scientific rigor meets public engagement—an essential frontier for researchers today.This award strengthens my motivation to continue contributing, mentoring, and fostering a culture of inclusive and innovative science communication. Thank you for this meaningful acknowledgment.” Dr. Ioannis Passas: “Receiving the Encyclopedia Outstanding Contributor Award 2024 is a true honor. What makes this recognition particularly meaningful is the journal’s wide-reaching, interdisciplinary nature. Few academic platforms today manage to bring together so many diverse fields under one roof while maintaining high standards and clear editorial direction. Being part of such an ecosystem—where knowledge moves across disciplines and formats—is both intellectually fulfilling and professionally valuable.This award acknowledges more than a single contribution; it reflects a collaborative process involving editors, reviewers, and technical staff who treat each submission with care and respect. I’m especially grateful for the chance to share ideas in both written and audiovisual forms, as this has expanded the impact of my work far beyond traditional academic circles.I appreciate this recognition deeply and look forward to continuing my involvement with Encyclopedia, supporting its mission to foster open, informed, and inclusive scholarly dialogue.” We extend our sincere gratitude to all applicants for their outstanding contributions. The evaluation process and subsequent decision proved to be challenging. On behalf of the award evaluation committee, we congratulate the winners on their remarkable achievements. Encyclopedia Editorial Office

Every year on April 25, the world observes World Malaria Day—a reminder that while progress has been made, malaria remains a global threat. In 2022, malaria infected 247 million people and claimed over 619,000 lives—mostly children under 5 in sub-Saharan Africa. It's a disease we can prevent, treat, and eliminate, but it still kills a child every minute. What Is Malaria? Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites, spread by the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Its symptoms—fever, chills, vomiting—can quickly turn deadly without treatment. But we're not powerless. Over the past two decades, thanks to tools like: Insecticide-treated netsRapid diagnostic testsArtemisinin-based therapies (ACTs)The RTS,S malaria vaccine …millions of lives have been saved, and some countries have eliminated the disease entirely. Source: https://encyclopedia.pub/image/3486 The Game-Changer: Tu Youyou One of the biggest breakthroughs in malaria treatment came from Tu Youyou, a Chinese scientist who turned to traditional medicine for answers. In the 1970s, during China's Project 523, Tu discovered artemisinin from the sweet wormwood plant (Artemisia annua). This became the foundation for ACTs, now the world's most effective antimalarial drugs. In 2015, Tu became the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Her discovery has saved millions of lives—a shining example of how ancient knowledge and modern science can work together. What We're Still Up Against Despite progress, the fight isn't over. We face: Drug and insecticide resistance Climate change expanding mosquito habitats Critical funding gaps And yet, the goal of ending malaria remains within reach—with continued innovation, investment, and global collaboration. For more information about Tu youyou, you can view our online video "Science Never Ends: Tu youyou".

We are pleased to announce that the “Encyclopedia Outstanding Contributor Award” in 2025 is now open for applications. In 2025, we will award two outstanding contributors to the Encyclopedia platform (https://encyclopedia.pub/) and the journal Encyclopedia. After a thorough evaluation, the journal award committee, led by Editor-in-Chief Prof. Dr. Raffaele Barretta, will select all eligible contributors. The winners will be announced in March 2026. The Prize – CHF 300 (Swiss francs);– An opportunity to publish one paper free of charge in the Encyclopedia journal before 31 December 2026, following peer review;– An electronic certificate. Eligibility and Requirements To be eligible, applicants must meet at least one of the following criteria:– The applicants must have published at least one qualified entry/video/image on the Encyclopedia platform in 2025;– The applicants must have published at least one paper in the Encyclopedia journal in 2025.  Application Deadline 15 January 2026. Winner announcement 31 March 2026. Please send your curriculum vitae/resume to our Editorial Office before the above deadline (encyclopedia@mdpi.com). As mentioned above, the winners will be announced on the journal's website in March 2026. Kind regards, Encyclopedia Editorial Office.

The Sarcidano Horse, an autochthonous breed from Sardinia, is gaining attention in conservation efforts due to its semi-feral lifestyle and genetic isolation. This breed offers important insights into the genetics of equine populations that have remained largely untouched by modern breeding practices. 1. Study Overview A recent study aimed to deepen the understanding of the Sarcidano Horse, specifically its coat color genetics. The focus was on two genes, MC1R and ASIP, which are responsible for determining the basic coat colors: bay, black, and chestnut. 70 horses were sampled for DNA analysis, and the study found the following: The chestnut coat color was the most prevalent. A smaller number of horses had black coats, with very few exhibiting bay coats. There was no evidence of color dilution or spotting, suggesting that the population has remained genetically isolated, with little to no crossbreeding with domestic breeds. Source: https://encyclopedia.pub/image/3410 2. Implications for Conservation The lack of coat variations commonly associated with domesticated horses further supports the hypothesis that the Sarcidano Horse has not been affected by human selection. The breed’s genetic isolation and lack of crossbreeding are vital for its conservation, as they help preserve its unique genetic makeup. Given the breed’s ancient origins and current genetic isolation, experts recommend a regional conservation plan. This plan would focus on: Regular health and genetic monitoring of the population. Collaboration with research centers and universities. The collection and management of DNA, sperm, and embryos to support long-term conservation efforts. 3. Conclusion The Sarcidano Horse represents an important genetic resource, offering valuable insights into the history and evolution of equine species. Continued efforts to preserve this breed, through both genetic research and conservation initiatives, are crucial to maintaining its genetic integrity and safeguarding it for future generations. For more information about the research, you can view the online video entitled "Unveiling the Genes Behind the Sarcidano Horse's Coat Colors".

Nanopriming, the process of treating seeds with nanoparticles, is emerging as a promising strategy to improve seed germination and early plant growth. In a recent study, researchers investigated the impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on cucumber seedlings. These nanoparticles were synthesized using natural reducing agents—ascorbic acid, caffeic acid, and gallic acid—resulting in spherical particles with distinct optical properties. Source: https://encyclopedia.pub/image/3390 The findings revealed that AgNP treatments generally led to improved germination rates and enhanced shoot and root growth compared to untreated seeds. However, the effects varied depending on the type and concentration of the reducing agent used in the synthesis. Biochemical analyses showed that AgNP exposure influenced several physiological markers. Changes were observed in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, oxidative stress indicators, and concentrations of amino acids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and soluble sugars. Notably, some treatments helped reduce oxidative stress, while others increased oxidative damage, indicating that the response to AgNPs is complex and formulation-dependent. This study highlights the potential of nanopriming as an agricultural tool and points to the need for further research to fine-tune nanoparticle formulations for specific plant species and desired outcomes. For more information about the research, you can view the online video entitled "Nanopriming-Induced Enhancement of Cucumber Seedling Development".

Space exploration represents the ultimate frontier of human curiosity, where each mission uncovers new mysteries and pushes the boundaries of what we thought was possible. 1. What's It Like to Live in Space? Imagine waking up to Earth's sunrise from orbit or floating effortlessly in zero gravity. Life Beyond Earth takes you inside the daily life of astronauts—where every moment is an adventure. 2. Life Without Gravity In space, the simplest tasks become challenges. Discover: How astronauts sleep while floating What space food actually tastes like The effects of zero gravity on the body How they exercise to stay strong Source: Life in Space Station 3. Pushing the Limits of Exploration Astronauts do more than survive—they innovate. From growing plants in space to testing new tech for Mars, they're shaping the future of exploration. For more details about astronauts in space, you can view the online entry Space Exploration, or the video entitled "Stuck in Space for 9 Months? NASA Astronauts Finally Return".

Proliferative retinopathies, driven by abnormal retinal blood vessel growth, are a leading cause of irreversible vision loss. These conditions, including diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), threaten millions globally. 1. Conventional Pharmacotherapy: Precision Strikes Against Disease Proliferative retinopathies, driven by abnormal retinal blood vessel growth, are a leading cause of irreversible vision loss. These conditions, including diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), threaten millions globally. Frontline treatments like anti-VEGF agents (e.g., aflibercept) and corticosteroids target disease mechanisms with molecular precision. These rigorously validated therapies halt active progression but are rarely used preventively. 2. Nutraceuticals: The Preventative Powerhouses Dietary supplements, such as the AREDS2 formula (vitamins C/E, zinc, lutein) and omega-3 fatty acids, combat oxidative stress and inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests they reduce baseline risk and amplify treatment efficacy, offering long-term retinal protection. Pharmaceuticals act as urgent responders, while supplements build resilience. Studies highlight their combined potential to slow progression in AMD and diabetic retinopathy—but caution is key. Supplements lack the stringent oversight of drugs, and interactions (e.g., altered drug absorption) pose risks. Clinician guidance is critical to balance benefits and safety. High-risk patients may benefit from preventive nutraceuticals, while those on pharmacotherapy could see enhanced outcomes with adjunctive antioxidants. Collaboration between patients and providers ensures optimized, individualized strategies. Source: https://encyclopedia.pub/image/3247 3. The Future of Eye Care: Integration and Innovation As research evolves, merging pharmacotherapy and supplements promises to redefine standards of care—proactively preserving vision in an aging population through immediate action and sustained protection. For more details about neovascular eye diseases, you can view the online video entitled "Pharmacotherapy and Nutraceuticals for Neovascular Eye Diseases".

Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that has affected millions worldwide. Despite the availability of vaccines, outbreaks still occur, making awareness and prevention crucial. What is Measles? Measles is caused by the measles virus, which spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It primarily affects children but can impact individuals of all ages who are not vaccinated. Source：https://encyclopedia.pub/image/3170 Symptoms of Measles The disease typically progresses through different stages, with symptoms appearing about 10-14 days after exposure. Common symptoms include: High fever Cough Runny nose Red, watery eyes Koplik spots (small white spots inside the mouth) A widespread red rash that starts on the face and spreads downward Prevention: The Importance of Vaccination The most effective way to prevent measles is through vaccination. The Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine is highly effective, providing lifelong immunity in most cases. Public health campaigns advocate for widespread immunization to achieve herd immunity, protecting those who cannot be vaccinated due to medical conditions. The Global Impact of Measles Despite significant progress in vaccination efforts, measles remains a concern in many regions, particularly in areas with low immunization rates. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), measles outbreaks still lead to thousands of deaths annually, mostly among young children. Efforts to eradicate measles continue, emphasizing the importance of global cooperation and vaccine accessibility. Conclusion Measles is a preventable yet persistent threat. Awareness, vaccination, and global health initiatives play crucial roles in reducing its spread. By ensuring high vaccination coverage, we can protect future generations from this potentially deadly disease. For more details, you can view the online entry Measles, or the online video Measles is Back Across the U.S..

In today's visually-driven digital landscape, a featured image is crucial for capturing attention, boosting user engagement, and enhancing the overall appeal of your content. Each image is thoughtfully curated to clarify complex scientific concepts and showcase groundbreaking achievements across various fields. 1. Key Benefits of Featured Images Enhanced Visibility Featured Images are prominently displayed alongside your research in search results, journal platforms, and social media, increasing its discoverability and appeal. Improved Comprehension Complex ideas are distilled into clear, visually appealing graphics, making your research more accessible to a broader audience. Increased Engagement Eye-catching visuals attract more readers, encouraging clicks, shares, and citations, thereby amplifying the reach and impact of your work. 2. Image Types Included The following image types are included: Digrams of an experiment, laboratory setup, graphical abstract, or other areas of interest relevant to your research. A certain scientific research topic, a record of an experiment or surgical operation, and other interesting simulation images. A theory or social phenomenon. A scientific or informative object. A scientific inforgraphic. 3. Acceptable Video Format Supported file formats include JPG, JPEG, and The suggested size is 100k–6 M. The minimum dimension is 300*300 pixels. 4. How to Upload You can upload original images directly through the image page (https://encyclopedia.pub/user/image/upload). If you have multiple images to upload from the same category, consider creating your own image gallery to showcase them. 5. Image Check Upon submission, the image will not be displayed online directly until it has undergone approval by the Editorial Office. To safeguard your intellectual contributions, the image content will be securely locked during this process. 6. About Copyright Please ensure that all uploaded images are free from copyright issues. We encourage users to submit unpublished and original images. It is essential to obtain permission to reproduce any published material which does not fall into the public domain, or for which the uploader does not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the uploader from the copyright holder, typically the publisher. 7. Others If you have any questions, please feel free to contact office@encyclopedia.pub.

The woolly mammoth, one of the most iconic creatures of the Ice Age, once roamed the vast, frozen landscapes of Europe, North America, and Siberia. These colossal herbivores, covered in thick fur and equipped with long, curved tusks, thrived in icy climates for thousands of years. However, around 4,000 years ago, due to a combination of climate change and human hunting, they vanished from the Earth—leaving behind only their remains frozen in permafrost. Source: https://encyclopedia.pub/image/3141 Colossal has been working on this since 2021. Researchers retrieved and sequenced ancient mammoth DNA from preserved skin, bone and hair to learn which genes controlled traits such as coat color and cold tolerance. Then, using tools like CRISPR, they edited those genes into mouse embryos. The result? Mice with a little bit of mammoth magic! While de-extinction remains a controversial topic, the prospect of witnessing a woolly mammoth walk the Earth again is both thrilling and thought-provoking. Could science rewrite history and resurrect these Ice Age giants? Only time will tell. For more details, you can view the online entry Woolly Mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius), or the video entitled "Extinct for 4000 Years? Gene Editing Might Resurrect the Woolly Mammoth".

The Encyclopedia platform has launched a new feature that allows you to add source DOI/URLs for your contributions  to enhance the impact of your publications. When you create a new entry (including topic review and biography), video, or image, you can enhance the credibility and referencing of your work by adding a source DOI/URL. Once published, the DOI/URL link will appear below the title of the entry/video/image, providing readers with direct access to your sources. How to add DOI/URL when creating an entry/video/image? Click the “Submit” button, choose “Entry/Video/Image”, and locate the DOI/URL field on the content generation page. Refer to the illustrations below for specific placement. (1) Topic Review (2) Biography (3) Video (4) Image Note: The source DOI/URL should not exceed 255 characters. Use semicolons to separate multiple DOIs/URLs. If your entry/video/image comes from several papers, you can use a semicolon to list the links. If you want to update the source DOI/URL after the entry, video, or image is published, please contact the Encyclopedia office at office@encyclopedia.pub. The source DOI/URL can only be added by the author when creating a new entry, video, or image. Any links that serve commercial advertising purposes or are entirely unrelated to the scientific content will be removed.